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General information: Context: Cyber deception is a defense strategy, complementary to conventional approaches, used to enhance the security posture of a system. The basic idea of this technique is to deliberately conceal and/or falsify a part of such system by deploying and managing decoys (e.g., “honeypots”, “honeynets”, etc.), i.e., applications, data, network elements and protocols that appear to malicious actors as a legitimate part of the system, and to which their attacks are misdirected. The advantage of an effective cyber deception strategy is twofold: on one hand, it depletes attackers’ resources while allowing system security tools to take necessary countermeasures; on the other hand, it provides valuable insights on attackers’ tactics and techniques, which can be used to improve system’s resilience to future attacks and upgrade security policies accordingly. Although cyber-deception has been successfully applied in some scenarios, existing deception approaches lack the flexibility to be seamlessly operated in highly distributed and resource-constrained environments. Indeed, if virtualization and cloud-native design approaches paved the way for ubiquitous deployment of applications, they widened the attack surface that malicious actors might exploit. In such a scenario, it is practically unfeasible to try to deploy decoys for each and every system’s service or application Plus d'infos